There are numerous styles used to credit your information sources. Huron Heights uses APA (American Psychological Association), Chicago Manual Style and MLA (Modern Language Association) guides depending on the course and/or teacher. Be sure to check carefully which style your teacher prefers!
1. APA Citation Style
Guidelines
APA gives guidelines on creating a title page, in-text citations, headings, a reference list, and tips on style and mechanics.
References
In APA style, the references are listed in alphabetical order at the end of the paper. Only list sources that you have actually referred to in the text of the paper.
In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation
In-text parenthetical documentation is embedded within the text of the paper. Parenthetical references give the source for ideas that you have summarized, paraphrased or quoted. These resources must also appear on your references page at the end of the paper.
Find Out More:
- Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL): General APA Guidelines
- American Psychological Association: APA 7th Edition Style Guidelines
2. Chicago Citation Style
Bibliography
The bibliography is placed at the end of the paper. It includes all sources quoted, paraphrased, or summarized in the paper. It provides further information about the sources to which the footnotes refer.
Quick Tips for a CMS Bibliography
This document will give you some quick tips for assembling a bibliography in Chicago style. It is not comprehensive. For more complete instructions, please see the websites listed below.
Footnotes
Footnotes are listed at the bottom of each page in your research paper, and refer to all sources quoted, paraphrased, or summarized in the body of your paper. These sources also appear in your bibliography at the end of the paper.
For example, the footnote for a book with two authors is:
4. Michael Baigent and Richard Leigh, The Inquisition, (Toronto, ON: Penguin Books Canada Limited, 2000), 8.
For more detailed information about footnoting please refer to the websites listed below.
Find Out More:
- Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL): Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition
- Chicago Manual of Style Online
- University of Toronto Chicago Formatting and Style Guidehttps://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/717/01/
3. MLA Citation Style
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Works Cited List
The works cited list is placed at the end of the paper. It includes all sources quoted, paraphrased or summarized within the paper. It provides all information necessary for a reader to locate any of the sources used in the research paper.
Quick Tips for MLA Works Cited
In MLA style, the references are listed in alphabetical order at the end of the paper. Only list sources that you have actually referred to in the text of the paper.
In-Text (Parenthetical) Documentation
In-text parenthetical documentation is embedded within the text of the paper. Parenthetical references give the source for ideas that you have summarized, paraphrased or quoted. These resources must also appear on your works cited list.
Quick Tips for Parenthetical Documentation
This document will give you a few quick tips for integrating parenthetical documentation in your research paper. These instructions are not comprehensive. For more complete information, consult the websites below.
Find Out More
- Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL): MLA Style